EARExport Administration Regulations

The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) control the export, reexport, and transfer of dual-use items that have both commercial and potential military or proliferation applications. Administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) in the Commerce Department, EAR covers items on the Commerce Control List (CCL) and items subject to EAR jurisdiction but not on the CCL. EAR controls are based on the item's Export Control Classification Number (ECCN), destination country, end user, and end use. Many commercial items are designated EAR99 and can be exported without a license to most destinations for most purposes. However, items with higher ECCNs may require BIS licenses. Contractors must screen transactions against denied parties lists and implement compliance programs to prevent violations.